2013年02月28日
Design principles
Gift packaging is different from the general commodity packaging, but also should follow the " tailored" principle, in accordance with the grade of the product design, the structure of scientific fertilizer suitable, beautiful novel, economical and practical packaging. The so-called " volume ", is to clarify the attributes of goods, quality, consumption, regional sales to wait; the so-called " cut ", is to determine the design pattern and design. In addition to the spirit of " science, packaging beautiful, practical, economic, marketing" principle, also taking into account the effect of environmental protection, which is on the evaluation of a production designer and packaging design standards. Only master " design connotation of scientific, artistic and practical, economic, promotion, environmental protection", grasp the design scale, can be done on the packaging design "tailor ". On the packaging of the overall market, especially the gift packaging market, packaging design is basically reflects the novel, unique, beautiful characteristic, but the rationality of packaging structure, there exist some problems, can cause our thinking gifts-and-premium.html.
The packaging structure, refers to the characteristics and requirements of different commodities, the size, material appropriate, with other different structure to package goods. Therefore, the packaging structure is measured by the " science ". The so-called scientific structure, one is open, easy to carry, processing is simple and easy to operate; the two is material saving, cost, and maximize the protection function of the commodity. In the commercial competition intense today, some managers and designers regardless of the interests of consumers and the lack of awareness of environmental protection market, through the visual illusion, to disguise, large loading, causing material waste and environmental pollution. Free from supermarket shelves take a box of chocolate gift apart to see, at the four layer, five layer of packaging, even the seven or eight layer is not in the minority. See in some traditional holidays in the consumer market, a superb collection of beautiful things gift packaging with shelves, some businessmen in order to achieve the purpose of competition, at the individual structure make a fuss, in raising commodity quality and price. These gift wrapped in the magnificent coat with a series of propaganda merchants to induce consumers. To food as an example: some cheap food should only low-grade packaging design, but some just small package packing, packing a large packaging, waste of space and materials. For example, a candy packaging: small packaging, packaging, box, the box cover lining in stamping and silver, the packing is beautiful, but the cost is higher than the product itself. Moreover, in recent years, the Mid-Autumn Festival moon cakes packaging competition intensified, and even the emergence of the " price" moon cakes, the relevant state departments have to intervene, and formulate related policy and regulations, makes this undesirable competition has been curbed promotional-premium.html.
The value of packaging level depends on the product itself, precisely, is without packaging costs. In addition to gift packaging, special packaging, special product packaging, general packaging costs should be controlled in the whole commodity price is 10% to 30%. Economically, the lowest cost ( material in packaging, printing, production), to achieve the best effect of publicity, is a successful packaging of goods. If the increase too much packaging costs, can only be said to be excessive packaging, be flashy without substance, easy cause resentment among consumers. If businessmen believe that no matter what packaging, as long as we can achieve that " beauty ", do not cherish land in " material, process, structure, decoration " as far as we can, to luxury, so self-defeating.
In addition, in the numerous gift packaging, most of the material and the shape of the new, different, beautiful work hard advertising-premium.html.
A lot of development and application of new materials, packaging also provide more business opportunities. But the market gift packing material, plastic, metal and glass packaging applications, accounted for the vast majority, such as recycled paper with recycling recycling environmental protection material is seldom used in. It is no exaggeration to say, modern packaging design, the use of plastic has reached a luxury. At present, the use of plastic packaging is a vinyl resin for hundreds of years without resolution, the application of several layers of excessive packaging too numerous to mention in the market, resulting in " garbage accumulation of civilization ", brought about environmental problems difficult to repair to the human. Account for a considerable proportion of these wastes are the designers " design" out " works ". Among them, the paper accounted for 30%, accounting for 10% of metal, plastic glass accounted for 10%, accounted for 8%. The waste caused by pollution is a long-term, such as cans of metal materials like throw on the ground, a year later, only the surface of the paint peeling off, still so after five years, ten years after the slowly in the soil dissolved differentiation; glass, ten years is only fragments; plastic, five years later in the sunlight to resolve, such as the earth and sun in isolation, it will never disappear executive-business-gift.html.
Gift packaging market in China's overall lack the spirit of innovation, and gift packaging enterprises have not the energy conservation and environmental protection in an adequate position. And these two points, is precisely the next gift packaging market priority among priorities, all these should cause people's attention.
The packaging structure, refers to the characteristics and requirements of different commodities, the size, material appropriate, with other different structure to package goods. Therefore, the packaging structure is measured by the " science ". The so-called scientific structure, one is open, easy to carry, processing is simple and easy to operate; the two is material saving, cost, and maximize the protection function of the commodity. In the commercial competition intense today, some managers and designers regardless of the interests of consumers and the lack of awareness of environmental protection market, through the visual illusion, to disguise, large loading, causing material waste and environmental pollution. Free from supermarket shelves take a box of chocolate gift apart to see, at the four layer, five layer of packaging, even the seven or eight layer is not in the minority. See in some traditional holidays in the consumer market, a superb collection of beautiful things gift packaging with shelves, some businessmen in order to achieve the purpose of competition, at the individual structure make a fuss, in raising commodity quality and price. These gift wrapped in the magnificent coat with a series of propaganda merchants to induce consumers. To food as an example: some cheap food should only low-grade packaging design, but some just small package packing, packing a large packaging, waste of space and materials. For example, a candy packaging: small packaging, packaging, box, the box cover lining in stamping and silver, the packing is beautiful, but the cost is higher than the product itself. Moreover, in recent years, the Mid-Autumn Festival moon cakes packaging competition intensified, and even the emergence of the " price" moon cakes, the relevant state departments have to intervene, and formulate related policy and regulations, makes this undesirable competition has been curbed promotional-premium.html.
The value of packaging level depends on the product itself, precisely, is without packaging costs. In addition to gift packaging, special packaging, special product packaging, general packaging costs should be controlled in the whole commodity price is 10% to 30%. Economically, the lowest cost ( material in packaging, printing, production), to achieve the best effect of publicity, is a successful packaging of goods. If the increase too much packaging costs, can only be said to be excessive packaging, be flashy without substance, easy cause resentment among consumers. If businessmen believe that no matter what packaging, as long as we can achieve that " beauty ", do not cherish land in " material, process, structure, decoration " as far as we can, to luxury, so self-defeating.
In addition, in the numerous gift packaging, most of the material and the shape of the new, different, beautiful work hard advertising-premium.html.
A lot of development and application of new materials, packaging also provide more business opportunities. But the market gift packing material, plastic, metal and glass packaging applications, accounted for the vast majority, such as recycled paper with recycling recycling environmental protection material is seldom used in. It is no exaggeration to say, modern packaging design, the use of plastic has reached a luxury. At present, the use of plastic packaging is a vinyl resin for hundreds of years without resolution, the application of several layers of excessive packaging too numerous to mention in the market, resulting in " garbage accumulation of civilization ", brought about environmental problems difficult to repair to the human. Account for a considerable proportion of these wastes are the designers " design" out " works ". Among them, the paper accounted for 30%, accounting for 10% of metal, plastic glass accounted for 10%, accounted for 8%. The waste caused by pollution is a long-term, such as cans of metal materials like throw on the ground, a year later, only the surface of the paint peeling off, still so after five years, ten years after the slowly in the soil dissolved differentiation; glass, ten years is only fragments; plastic, five years later in the sunlight to resolve, such as the earth and sun in isolation, it will never disappear executive-business-gift.html.
Gift packaging market in China's overall lack the spirit of innovation, and gift packaging enterprises have not the energy conservation and environmental protection in an adequate position. And these two points, is precisely the next gift packaging market priority among priorities, all these should cause people's attention.
2013年02月19日
The ATSC standard
Digital television in the United States will be using the standard ATSC ( Advanced Television System Committee Advanced Television Systems Committee ), ATSC digital TV standard consists of four separate layers, with clear interface between levels. The highest as the image layer, determine the form of images, including pixel array, amplitude ratio and frame rate. Then the image compression layer, using MPEG-2 compression standard. Then system multiplexing layer, specific data can be incorporated into different compression package, using MPEG-2 compression standard. The last is the transport layer, determine the modulation and channel coding scheme of data transmission. For terrestrial broadcasting system, using the 8-VSB transport model developed by zenith, in 6mhz terrestrial broadcasting channel can realize the transmission rate of 19.3mb/s. This standard also contains is suitable for CATV system with high data rate 16-vsb transmission mode, can realize the transmission rate of 38.6mb/s in 6mhz cable TV channel.
The following two layers to share common data transmission. The above two layers determine the specific configuration operation based on common data transmission, such as HDTV or SDTV.
The above two layer also determine the specific image format supported by the ATSC standard, a total of 18 formats ( HDTV6, SDTV12 ), 14 of which employ progressive scanning.
A.HDTV, 1920 pixels ( H ) X1080 ( V ), pixel aspect ratio of 16:9, frame 60HZ/ interlaced, progressive scan frame 30Hz/, frame 24Hz/ line-by-line scanning system;
B.HDTV, 1280 pixels ( H ) X720 ( V ), pixel aspect ratio of 16:9, 60Hz and 30Hz frame rate, 24Hz/ line-by-line scanning system;
C.SDTV, 704 pixels ( H ) x480 ( V ), pixel aspect ratio of 16:9 or 4:3, a 60Hz/ interlaced scanning system, frame rate 60Hz and 30Hz, 24Hz/ line-by-line scanning system;
D.SDTV, 640 pixels ( H ) x480 ( V ), pixel aspect ratio of 4:3, a 60Hz/ interlaced scanning system, frame rate 60Hz, 30Hz, 24Hz/ line-by-line scanning system .
In addition, ATSC also develops through the frame rate of 50Hz countries use the prior standard. The pixel array HDTV the same, but the frame for the vertical resolution of the 25Hz and 50HzoSDTV format as 576 rows of horizontal resolution is different; also contains 352x288 format, necessary to adapt to the window settings. Based on the 50Hz version of the ATSCDTV standard to make the frame rate of 50Hz countries are more easy to use.
The following two layers to share common data transmission. The above two layers determine the specific configuration operation based on common data transmission, such as HDTV or SDTV.
The above two layer also determine the specific image format supported by the ATSC standard, a total of 18 formats ( HDTV6, SDTV12 ), 14 of which employ progressive scanning.
A.HDTV, 1920 pixels ( H ) X1080 ( V ), pixel aspect ratio of 16:9, frame 60HZ/ interlaced, progressive scan frame 30Hz/, frame 24Hz/ line-by-line scanning system;
B.HDTV, 1280 pixels ( H ) X720 ( V ), pixel aspect ratio of 16:9, 60Hz and 30Hz frame rate, 24Hz/ line-by-line scanning system;
C.SDTV, 704 pixels ( H ) x480 ( V ), pixel aspect ratio of 16:9 or 4:3, a 60Hz/ interlaced scanning system, frame rate 60Hz and 30Hz, 24Hz/ line-by-line scanning system;
D.SDTV, 640 pixels ( H ) x480 ( V ), pixel aspect ratio of 4:3, a 60Hz/ interlaced scanning system, frame rate 60Hz, 30Hz, 24Hz/ line-by-line scanning system .
In addition, ATSC also develops through the frame rate of 50Hz countries use the prior standard. The pixel array HDTV the same, but the frame for the vertical resolution of the 25Hz and 50HzoSDTV format as 576 rows of horizontal resolution is different; also contains 352x288 format, necessary to adapt to the window settings. Based on the 50Hz version of the ATSCDTV standard to make the frame rate of 50Hz countries are more easy to use.
